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Date: Sat, 28 Mar 2026 18:40:02 +0000 (UTC)
From: '<fsmodel...>' via MassLep <masslep...>
Subject: Re: [MassLep] Swan Song

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Bill & Joe,
That is really interesting! Another interpretation would be that Columbine =
DW is not a distinct species. In light of the facts as they stand now, one =
must conclude it is not distinguishable from Wild Indigo DW in the field. T=
he supposedly diagnostic field marks - dark color, small size, close associ=
ation with wild columbine - can be the same. [And the male genitalia,too, a=
pparently!]=C2=A0
DNA work is needed, but my suspicion is that it won't resolve the problem. =
More likely, it will complicate it further. [The buckeye morass is another =
example. I assume you are familiar with Nick Grishin's work, published with=
Cong as the senior author.]=C2=A0
The butterflies are simply oblivious to the neat little boxes taxonomists c=
reate. It is beginning to look like taxonomy is indeed as much an art as it=
is a science. That is probably the only take-home message.
Cheers,Frank
On Saturday, March 28, 2026 at 07:44:50 AM PDT, Joseph Wicinski <joewiz=
<vet...> wrote: =20

Hi Frank,Joe forwarded me your post from Masslep.=C2=A0 Thinking of you an=
d all of our good times together, and hoping you are still enjoying what yo=
u can.=C2=A0 Hopefully you keep sharing your photos.
Your question about Columbine Duskywings is very interesting to me.=C2=A0 J=
oe and I have small dark Duskywings breeding on Wild Columbine in our garde=
n, every year for at least 10+ years (longer really).=C2=A0 I got very exci=
ted when I first saw it happening.
I corresponded with Mike Nelson about them and learned some interesting thi=
ngs, namely that Wild Indigo Duskywings can use Wild Columbine as a host pl=
ant.=C2=A0 Also, pparently the two species are not distinguishable morpholo=
gically, even by genitalia!=C2=A0 (I'm putting words in Mike's mouth, so he=
can correct me if necessary.)
I raised a couple of caterpillars from eggs I watched a female lay on our C=
olumbine.=C2=A0 One of the butterflies that emerged (with crumpled wings) I=
transferred to Mass Wildlife to be preserved so that future DNA analysis m=
ight reveal something.
I still wonder and hope that Columbine Duskywings might be breeding in our =
garden all these years.=C2=A0 Maybe time will tell.
Thinking of you,Bill

On Thu, Mar 26, 2026, 16:52 '<fsmodel...>' via MassLep <masslep@googlegr=
oups.com> wrote:

Greetings,
After spending the first 12 years of my retirement in Massachusetts, I have=
now spent the next 12 in Southern California, where it's much warmer in th=
e winter. I suffered a stroke in June 2025 during/after an aortic valve rep=
lacement procedure. This has limited my mobility but I'm still trying, espe=
cially wildflowers, which don't fly away. I also post my older photos as Fa=
cebook memories, so many of you still hear from me. But it's not=C2=A0 the =
same.
I would like to use this note to tie up a loose end. On June 29, 2013, I wa=
s at Broad Meadowbrook in Worcester and saw a really tiny duskywing - easil=
y the smallest one I have ever seen. It was also rather dark. It was likely=
just an aberrent Wild Indigo DW but I can't rule out Columbine DW, whose h=
ost plant, Wild Columbine, grows in Massachusetts. According to the field g=
uides, Columbine DW would be only slightly out of range in Worcester county=
, but not by much, its eastern limit being the Hudson River Valley. And=C2=
=A0 trust me - it was very dark and very, very small.
I got one decent photo before the butterfly disappeared into the woods. It'=
s attached. I'd appreciate any and all opinions. I recognize that field mar=
ks take one only so far. IDs based on a single photo are invariably tenuous=
.
Cheers,Frank Model


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<html><head></head><body><div class=3D"ydp16c2ba44yahoo-style-wrap" style=
=3D"font-family:arial;font-size:16px;"><div></div>
<div dir=3D"ltr" data-setdir=3D"false">Bill &amp; Joe,</div><div di=
r=3D"ltr" data-setdir=3D"false"><span style=3D"letter-spacing: -0.02em;"><b=
r></span></div><div dir=3D"ltr" data-setdir=3D"false"><span style=3D"letter=
-spacing: -0.02em;">That is really interesting! Another interpretation woul=
d be that Columbine DW is not a distinct species. In light of the facts as =
they stand now, one must conclude it is not distinguishable from Wild Indig=
o DW in the field. The supposedly diagnostic field marks - dark color, smal=
l size, close association with wild columbine - can be the same. [And the m=
ale genitalia,too, apparently!]&nbsp;</span></div><div dir=3D"ltr" data-set=
dir=3D"false"><br></div><div dir=3D"ltr" data-setdir=3D"false">DNA work is =
needed, but my suspicion is that it won't resolve the problem. More likely,=
it will complicate it further. [The buckeye morass is another example. I a=
ssume you are familiar with Nick Grishin's work, published with Cong as the=
senior author.]&nbsp;</div><div dir=3D"ltr" data-setdir=3D"false"><br></di=
v><div dir=3D"ltr" data-setdir=3D"false">The butterflies are simply oblivio=
us to the neat little boxes taxonomists create. It is beginning to look lik=
e taxonomy is indeed as much an art as it is a science. That is probably th=
e only take-home message.</div><div dir=3D"ltr" data-setdir=3D"false"><br><=
/div><div dir=3D"ltr" data-setdir=3D"false">Cheers,</div><div dir=3D"ltr" d=
ata-setdir=3D"false">Frank</div><div><br></div>
=20
</div><div id=3D"ydp25cc4fyahoo_quoted_4869524330" class=3D"ydp25cc=
4fyahoo_quoted"><div class=3D"ydp25cc4fyahoo-style-wrap" style=3D"font-fami=
ly:arial;font-size:16px;">
<div style=3D"font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, s=
ans-serif;font-size:13px;color:#26282a;">
=20
<div class=3D"ydp25cc4fquoted-text-header">
On Saturday, March 28, 2026 at 07:44:50 AM PDT, Jos=
eph Wicinski &lt;<joewizvet...>&gt; wrote:
</div>
</div><div style=3D"font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica=
, Arial, sans-serif;font-size:13px;color:#26282a;border-left: 1px solid #cc=
c;padding-left: 8px;margin: 0px 0px 0px 8px" class=3D"ydp25cc4finline_reply=
_quote_container" data-split-quote-node=3D"true">
<div><br></div><div><br></div>
<div><div id=3D"ydp25cc4fyiv8106881127"><div><div><div><spa=
n style=3D"font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(245,250,255);">Hi Frank,</=
span><div style=3D"font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(245,250,255);">Joe=
forwarded me your post from Masslep.&nbsp; Thinking of you and all of our =
good times together, and hoping you are still enjoying what you can.&nbsp; =
Hopefully you keep sharing your photos.</div><div style=3D"font-size:12.8px=
;background-color:rgb(245,250,255);"><br clear=3D"none"></div><div style=3D=
"font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(245,250,255);">Your question about C=
olumbine Duskywings is very interesting to me.&nbsp; Joe and I have small d=
ark Duskywings breeding on Wild Columbine in our garden, every year for at =
least 10+ years (longer really).&nbsp; I got very excited when I first saw =
it happening.</div><div style=3D"font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(245,=
250,255);"><br clear=3D"none"></div><div style=3D"font-size:12.8px;backgrou=
nd-color:rgb(245,250,255);">I corresponded with Mike Nelson about them and =
learned some interesting things, namely that Wild Indigo Duskywings can use=
Wild Columbine as a host plant.&nbsp; Also, pparently the two species are =
not distinguishable morphologically, even by genitalia!&nbsp; (I'm putting =
words in Mike's mouth, so he can correct me if necessary.)</div><div style=
=3D"font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(245,250,255);"><br clear=3D"none"=
></div><div style=3D"font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(245,250,255);">I=
raised a couple of caterpillars from eggs I watched a female lay on our Co=
lumbine.&nbsp; One of the butterflies that emerged (with crumpled wings) I =
transferred to Mass Wildlife to be preserved so that future DNA analysis mi=
ght reveal something.</div><div style=3D"font-size:12.8px;background-color:=
rgb(245,250,255);"><br clear=3D"none"></div><div style=3D"font-size:12.8px;=
background-color:rgb(245,250,255);">I still wonder and hope that Columbine =
Duskywings might be breeding in our garden all these years.&nbsp; Maybe tim=
e will tell.</div><div style=3D"font-size:12.8px;background-color:rgb(245,2=
50,255);"><br clear=3D"none"></div><div style=3D"font-size:12.8px;backgroun=
d-color:rgb(245,250,255);">Thinking of you,</div><div style=3D"font-size:12=
.8px;background-color:rgb(245,250,255);">Bill</div><br clear=3D"none"><br c=
lear=3D"none"><div id=3D"ydp25cc4fyiv8106881127yqt18035" class=3D"ydp25cc4f=
yiv8106881127yqt4518979994"><div class=3D"ydp25cc4fyiv8106881127gmail_quote=
ydp25cc4fyiv8106881127gmail_quote_container"><div dir=3D"ltr" class=3D"ydp=
25cc4fyiv8106881127gmail_attr">On Thu, Mar 26, 2026, 16:52 '<a shape=3D"rec=
t" href=3D"mailto:<fsmodel...>" rel=3D"nofollow" target=3D"_blank">fsmod=
<el...></a>' via MassLep &lt;<a shape=3D"rect" href=3D"mailto:masslep@go=
oglegroups.com" rel=3D"nofollow" target=3D"_blank"><masslep...>=
</a>&gt; wrote:<br clear=3D"none"></div><blockquote style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .=
8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex;" class=3D"ydp25cc4fyiv8106=
881127gmail_quote"><div><div style=3D"font-family:arial;font-size:16px;"><d=
iv dir=3D"ltr">Greetings,</div><div dir=3D"ltr"><br clear=3D"none"></div><d=
iv dir=3D"ltr">After spending the first 12 years of my retirement in Massac=
husetts, I have now spent the next 12 in Southern California, where it's mu=
ch warmer in the winter. I suffered a stroke in June 2025 during/after an a=
ortic valve replacement procedure. This has limited my mobility but I'm sti=
ll trying, especially wildflowers, which don't fly away. I also post my old=
er photos as Facebook memories, so many of you still hear from me. But it's=
not&nbsp; the same.</div><div dir=3D"ltr"><br clear=3D"none"></div><div di=
r=3D"ltr">I would like to use this note to tie up a loose end. On June 29, =
2013, I was at Broad Meadowbrook in Worcester and saw a really tiny duskywi=
ng - easily the smallest one I have ever seen. It was also rather dark. It =
was likely just an aberrent Wild Indigo DW but I can't rule out Columbine D=
W, whose host plant, Wild Columbine, grows in Massachusetts. According to t=
he field guides, Columbine DW would be only slightly out of range in Worces=
ter county, but not by much, its eastern limit being the Hudson River Valle=
y. And&nbsp; trust me - it was very dark and very, very small.</div><div di=
r=3D"ltr"><br clear=3D"none"></div><div dir=3D"ltr">I got one decent photo =
before the butterfly disappeared into the woods. It's attached. I'd appreci=
ate any and all opinions. I recognize that field marks take one only so far=
. IDs based on a single photo are invariably tenuous.</div><div dir=3D"ltr"=
><br clear=3D"none"></div><div dir=3D"ltr">Cheers,</div><div dir=3D"ltr">Fr=
ank Model</div><div dir=3D"ltr"><br clear=3D"none"></div></div></div>

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</blockquote></div></div></div></div>

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